This article is about Giovanni Pastrone's 1914 silent film; for the Federico Fellini film, see The Nights of Cabiria.
Cabiria
(1914) is a silent movie from the early years of Italy's movie industry, directed by Giovanni Pastrone.
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Plot
The movie is based on
Emilio Salgari's
Cartagine in fiamme
(
Carthage in Flames
) and
Gustave Flaubert's novel
Salammbo
. Set in ancient
Carthage during the period of the
Second Punic War, it treats the conflict between
Rome and Carthage through the eyes of the title character, who is
kidnapped by
pirates, sold as a
slave in Carthage, and rescued from being
sacrificed to the
god Moloch by a Roman nobleman and his muscular slave
Maciste (who would later become the protagonist in a whole successful series of films on his own).
Hannibal and his
war elephants fit into the plot of this
epic film.
Production
Italian author
Gabriele d'Annunzio contributed to the screenplay and wrote all of the
intertitles. The film was noted as being the first popular film to use the trucking shot - the camera is mounted on a dolly allowing it to both follow action and move within a film set or location. For years afterward a trucking shot was referred to by both cameramen and directors as a 'Cabiria' shot. However in many cases Pastrone used these shots with no real purpose other than the novelty of camera movement within a location. In some instances the camera roles toward and then right past what should be the focus of the shot. However, the movement was such an innovation at the time that other film makers quickly incorporated it. The film was a major influence on
D.W. Griffith's
Intolerance
. The famous crane shot moving down and into the festival in Babylon is in a sense a 'Cabiria' shot taken to the ultimate extent. Film critic
Roger Ebert has said that Griffith "moves the camera with greater freedom and has a headlong narrative and an exciting use of cross-cutting that Pastrone does not approach."
[1] The film also marked the debut of the
Maciste character, who went on to have a long career in Italian
sword and sandal films.
A restored version of the film screened on 27 May, 2006 at the
Cannes Film Festival, featuring a filmed introduction by director
Martin Scorsese and the film is now also available on DVD.
Controversy
Like
Birth of a Nation
,
Cabiria
has aroused its share of controversy because of the political nature of its subject matter. It was produced by Italian ultra-
nationalist Gabriele d'Annunzio and was released soon after the
Italo-Turkish War, in which Italy conquered the
North African
Ottoman provinces of
Cyrenaica and
Tripolitania. The film highlights Italy's Roman past and the "monstrous" nature of Carthaginian society (with especial focus on the temple of Moloch), which is contrasted with the "nobility" of Roman society.
[2].
Cabiria
was therefore one of several films of the period that "helped resusitate a distant history that legitimized Italy's past and inspired its dreams" and which "delivered the spirit for conquest that seemed to arrive from the distant past", thereby presaging the "political rituals of fascism" (wars of conquest, the
Roman salute, parades and the
fasces itself).
[3]
Cast
- Teresa Marangoni - Croessa
- Umberto Mozzato - Fulvio Axilla
- Bartolomeo Pagano - Maciste
- Raffaele Di Napoli - Bodastoret
- Lydia Quaranta - Cabiria
- Italia Almirante Manzini - Sofonisba
- Dante Testa - Karthalo
References
- http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060702/REVIEWS08/607020301
- Mary P. Wood, ''Italian cinema'' at p. 138
- Gian Piero Brunetta and Jeremy Parzen, ''The History of Italian Cinema'' at p.34