Malcolm John "Mac" Rebennack, Jr. (born November 21, 1940), better known by the stage name Dr. John (also Dr. John Creaux ), is an American singer/songwriter, pianist and guitarist whose music combines blues, boogie woogie and rock and roll.

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Biography

Early life and career

Born in New Orleans, Louisiana, his professional musical career began in New Orleans in the 1950s. He originally concentrated on guitar and he gigged with local bands included Mac Rebennack and the Skyliners, Frankie Ford and the Thunderbirds, and Jerry Byrne and the Loafers. He had a regional hit with a Bo Diddley influenced instrumental called "Storm Warning" on Rex Records in 1959.

Rebennack's career as a guitarist came to an end when his left ring finger was injured by a gunshot while he was defending singer/keyboardist Ronnie Barron, his bandmate, Jesuit High School classmate, and longtime friend. After the injury, Rebennack concentrated on bass guitar before making piano his main instrument; pianist Professor Longhair was an important influence on Rebennack's piano stylings.

He moved to Los Angeles in 1963 where he became a "first call" session musician on the booming Los Angeles studio scene in the Sixties and Seventies, providing backing for Sonny & Cher, Canned Heat - on their classic albums Living the Blues (1968) and Future Blues (1970) - and many other acts.

1968-1970: Dr. John the Night Tripper

Rebennack gained fame as a solo artist, beginning in the late 1960s, with music that combined New Orleans-style rhythm and blues with psychedelic rock and elaborate stage shows that bordered on voodoo religious ceremonies, including elaborate costumes and headdress (reflecting and presumably inspired by Screamin' Jay Hawkins's stage act). For a time he was billed as "Doctor John, The Night Tripper". The name "Dr. John" came from a legendary Louisiana voodoo practitioner of the early 1800s.

Gris-Gris , his 1968 debut album combining voodoo rhythms and chants with the New Orleans music tradition, was highly-ranked on Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. Three more albums, 1969's Babylon , 1970's Remedies , and 1971's The Sun, Moon, And Herbs were released in the same vein of Gris-Gris , but none of them have enjoyed the popularity of his first album.

During early-mid 1969, Dr John toured extensively, backed by supporting musicians Richard "Didymus" Washington (congas), Richard Crooks (drums), David Leonard Johnson (bass), Gary Carino (guitar) and singers Eleanor Barooshian, Jeanette Jacobs from The Cake and, Sherry Graddie. A second version formed later in the year for an extensive tour of the East Coast with Crooks and Johnson joined by Doug Hastings (guitar) and Don MacAllister (mandolin). David L. Johnson went on to play with Sweathog and co-produced James Booker's Lost Paramount Tapes . Also in 1969, Dr. John contributed to the Music From Free Creek "supersession" project, playing on three tracks with Eric Clapton. Washington and Crooks also contributed to the project.

By the time The Sun, Moon, and Herbs was released, he had gained a notable cult following, including artists such as Eric Clapton and Mick Jagger, who both took part in the sessions for that album. This album would serve as a transition from his Night Tripper voodoo, psychedelic persona to one more closely associated with traditional New Orleans R&B and funk. His next album, Dr. John's Gumbo , proved to be a landmark recording which is one of his most popular to this day.

1972-1974: Gumbo , In the Right Place , and Desitively Bonnaroo

Along with Gris-Gris , Dr. John is perhaps best known for his recordings during 1972-1974. 1972's Dr. John's Gumbo , an album covering several New Orleans R&B standards with only one original, is considered a cornerstone in New Orleans music. In his 1994 autobiography, Under a Hoodoo Moon , Dr. John writes, "In 1972, I recorded Gumbo , an album that was both a tribute to and my interpretation of the music I had grown up with in New Orleans in the 1940s and 1950s. I tried to keep a lot of the little changes that were characteristic of New Orleans, while working my own funknology on piano and guitar." The lead single from the album, "Iko Iko", broke into the Billboard top 40 singles chart. In 2003, Dr. John's Gumbo was ranked number 402 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time. It also earned a place on Offbeat magazine's 1999 listing of the Top 100 Louisiana CDs.

With Gumbo , Dr. John expanded his career beyond the psychedelic voodoo music and theatrics that had driven his career since he took on the Dr. John persona, although it has always remained an integral part of his music and identity. It wasn't until 1998's Anutha Zone that he would again concentrate on this aspect of his music wholly for a full album. "After we cut the new record," he writes, "I decided I'd had enough of the mighty-coo-de-fiyo hoodoo show, so I dumped the Gris-Gris routine we had been touring with since 1967 and worked up a new act—a Mardi Gras revue featuring the New Orleans standards we had covered in Gumbo ."

In early 1973 Thomas Jefferson Kaye produced an album featuring a collaboration with Dr John, Mike Bloomfield and John Hammond. This album, Triumvirate , was recorded in Columbia Studios, San Francisco, and Village Recorders, Los Angeles.

In 1973, with Allen Toussaint producing and The Meters backing, Dr. John released the seminal New Orleans funk album, In the Right Place . In the same way that Gris-Gris introduced the world to the voodoo-influenced side of his music, and in the manner that Dr. John's Gumbo began his career-long reputation as an esteemed interpreter of New Orleans standards, In the Right Place established Dr. John as one of the main ambassadors of New Orleans funk. In describing the album, Dr. John states, "The album had more of a straight-ahead dance feel than ones I had done in the past, although it was still anchored solid in R&B." It rose to #24 on the Billboard album charts, while the single "Right Place Wrong Time" landed at #9 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart. A second single, "Such a Night," peaked at #42. Still in heavy rotation on most classic rock stations, "Right Place Wrong Time" remains his single most recognized song. Artists such as Bob Dylan, Bette Midler, and Doug Sahm contributed singular lines to the lyrics, which lists several instances of ironic bad luck and failure.

Dr. John attempted to capitalize on ''In the Right Places successful formula, again collaborating with Allen Toussaint and The Meters for his next album, Desitively Bonnaroo, released in 1974. Although similar in feel to In the Right Place, it failed to catch hold in the mainstream like its predecessor. It would be his last pure funk album until 1994 with Television'', although like his voodoo and traditional New Orleans R&B influences, funk has continued to heavily influence most of his work to the present day, especially in his concerts. While Dr. John stated in an interview during 1990s that he'd like to work with Toussaint again for a full album, this has yet to come to fruition.

In the mid-1970s Dr. John began an almost twenty-year-long collabortion with the R&R Hall of Fame/Songwriters Hall of Fame writer Doc Pomus to create songs for Dr. John's releases "City Lights" and "Tango Palace" and for B. B. King's Stuart Levine produced "There Must Be a Better World Somewhere," which won a Grammy for Best Ethnic or Traditional Recording in 1982. Dr. John also recorded "I'm On a Roll," the last song written with Pomus prior to Pomus' death in 1991, for the now out-of-print Rhino/Forward Records' 1995 tribute to Pomus titled "Til the Night Is Gone: A Tribute to Doc Pomus" that also included covers of Pomus penned songs by Bob Dylan, John Hiatt, Shawn Colvin, Brian Wilson, The Band, Los Lobos, Dion, Rosanne Cash, Solomon Burke and Lou Reed. According to Doc Pomus' daughter, Dr. John and her father were very close friends as well as writing partners; Dr. John deliverd one of a number of eulogies and performed with sing Jimmy Scott at Pomus' funeral on March 17, 1991 in NYC.

On Thanksgiving Day 1976 he performed at the farewell concert for The Band, which was filmed and released as The Last Waltz . In 1979, he collaborated with the legendary Professor Longhair on 'Fess' last recording "Crawfish Fiesta" as a guitarist and co-producer. The album was awarded the first W.C. Handy Blues Album of the Year in 1980, and was released shortly after Longhair's untimely death in January, 1980.

Later work

By the mid-1970s, Rebennack began focusing on a blend of music that touched on blues, New Orleans R&B, Tin Pan Alley standards and more.

In 1981 and 1983 Dr. John recorded two solo piano albums for the Baltimore based Clean Cuts label. In these two classic recordings Dr. John plays many of his own compositions and demonstrates that he could play Boogie Woogie masterfully.

He has also appeared as prominent session musician consistently throughout his career, playing piano, for example, with The Rolling Stones on the popular 1972 song "Let It Loose", as well as on the popular Carly Simon and James Taylor duet of "Mockingbird" in 1974 and on Neil Diamond's album Beautiful Noise in 1976. He also contributed the song "More and More" to Simon's Playing Possum album. He was co-producer on Van Morrison's 1977 album A Period of Transition and also played keyboards and guitar. He performed on the March 19, 1977 episode of NBC's Saturday Night Live . He played keyboards on the highly successful 1979 solo debut album by Rickie Lee Jones and has toured with Willy DeVille and contributed to his Return to Magenta (1978), Victory Mixture ( 1990), Backstreets of Desire (1992), and Big Easy Fantasy (1995) albums. His music has been featured in many films including "Such a Night" in Colors in 1988. In 1992 Dr. John released the album "Goin' Back to New Orleans" which included many classic songs from New Orleans and many great New Orleans based musicians like Aaron Neville, the Neville brothers, Al Hirt and Pete Fountain backed up Dr. John on this album.

Dr. John has also done vocals for Popeyes Chicken & Biscuits' "Luv dat chicken..." jingle, as well as the theme song ("My Opinionation") for the early-1990s television sitcom Blossom . A version of "Do You Know What It Means To Miss New Orleans" with Harry Connick, Jr. was released on Connick's album 20 and VHS Singin' & Swingin' in 1990.

His movie credits include Martin Scorsese's documentary The Last Waltz (in which he joins The Band for a performance of his song "Such a Night"), the 1978 Beatles inspired musical "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band", and Blues Brothers 2000 (in which he joins the fictional band The Louisiana Gator Boys to perform the songs "How Blue Can You Get" and "New Orleans"). His version of Donovan song "Season of the Witch" was also featured in this movie and on the soundtrack.

He also wrote and performed the score for the film version of John Steinbeck's "Cannery Row" released in 1982. In 1993, his hit song "Right Place Wrong Time" was used extensively in the movie Dazed and Confused .

Dr. John has also been featured in several video and audio blues and New Orleans piano lessons published by Homespun Tapes. In addition to the instructional value, there is historical context about many other blues artists.

In 1997, he appeared on the charity single version of Lou Reed's "Perfect Day".

In September 2005 he performed Fats Domino's "Walkin' to New Orleans," to close the Shelter from the Storm: A Concert for the Gulf Coast telethon. This was for the relief of Hurricane Katrina victims; following the devastation of his hometown of New Orleans.

In November 2005, he released a four-song EP, Sippiana Hericane , to benefit New Orleans Musicians Clinic, Salvation Army, and the Jazz Foundation of America. On February 5, 2006, he joined fellow New Orleans native Aaron Neville, Detroit resident Aretha Franklin and a 150-member choir for the national anthem at Super Bowl XL as part of a pre-game tribute to New Orleans. On February 8, 2006, he joined Allen Toussaint, Bonnie Raitt, The Edge, and Irma Thomas to perform "We Can Can" as the closing performance at the Grammy Awards.

On May 12, 2006, Dr. John recorded a live session at Abbey Road Studios for Live from Abbey Road . His performance was aired alongside those of LeAnn Rimes and Massive Attack on the Sundance Channel in the USA and Channel 4 in the UK.

On July 30, 2006, Dr. John performed a solo piano benefit for New Orleans composer and arranger Wardell Quezergue (King Floyd's "Groove Me") at a benefit at the Black Orchid Theatre in Chicago. Special guest Mike Mills of R.E.M. was in attendance, along with an all-star funk band.

Dr. John performed the theme music to the Fox drama K-Ville .

In January 2008, Mac Rebennack, Dr. John, was inducted into The Louisiana Music Hall of Fame. Later, in February, he performed at All-Star Saturday Night, part of the NBA All-Star Weekend hosted by New Orleans.

Famous fans

Dr. John's song "I Walk On Gilded Splinters" was covered in 1969 by Marsha Hunt (mother of Mick Jagger's first child) and produced by Tony Visconti; July, 1970 by Johnny Jenkins, whose supporting musicians included slide guitarist Duane Allman and drummers Butch Trucks and Jai Johanny Johanson ; Allman also produced Ton Ton Macoute , the album that contained it. (Allman, Trucks and Johnson were members of The Allman Brothers Band, formed the previous year, Allman Brothers bass guitarist Berry Oakley also appeared on other tracks on the album).

It was also covered in the 1970s by Humble Pie on their album Performance Rockin' the Fillmore . The same song was also covered in the nineties by Paul Weller and Oasis' Noel Gallagher on Weller's acclaimed album Stanley Road, and again in 2004 by Califone on their acclaimed album Heron King Blues . Gallagher also incorporated portions of "Gilded Splinters" into the UK #1 Oasis song, "Go Let It Out" in 2000. "Gilded Splinters" is also a concert staple for both Widespread Panic and the Allman Brothers Band. The song "I Walk on Gilded Splinters" also provided a sample for the songs "Loser" by Beck and "Comatose" by P.M. Dawn.

Van Morrison mentions Dr. John on the 1995 album Days Like This in the song "Russian Roulette". Musician and television personality Jools Holland is a fan who regularly features Dr. John on Later with Jools Holland , his weekly musical showcase. Jimmy Buffett mentions him as an influence on the 1974 album Living and Dying in 3/4 Time in the song "Saxophones".

Muppet creator Jim Henson was also a fan; his character of Dr. Teeth (from Dr. Teeth and The Electric Mayhem) was heavily based on Dr. John.

Robert Klein mentions briefly meeting Dr. John, and being a fan of the song "Right Place, Wrong Time" in the track "On The Road" from his Mind Over Matter comedy album. He was also Linda McCartney's favorite musician. His 1974 album Desitively Bonnaroo helped inspire the name for the annual Bonnaroo music festival.

Actor Hugh Laurie is a fan of Dr John and along with Band From TV covered the song "Such A Night"

Trivia

• In James Ellroy's novel Because the Night , the villain of the story, James Haviland, uses Dr. John the Night Tripper as an alias. It was said he picked the nickname up in college.
• Emerson, Lake & Palmer took the name for their fifth album Brain Salad Surgery (1973) from the lyrics of Dr. John's "Right Place, Wrong Time."
• The song "Right Place at the Wrong Time" was used in the opening credits for the 2005 Matthew McConaughey film Sahara .
• Guitarist Tommy Bolin contributed guitar work to several tracks on Dr. John's 'Hollywood Be Thy Name' release, but his playing was not included on the final album.
• In a television commercial for Heineken, two men enter a room full of women, with the song "Right Place, Wrong Time" by Dr. John playing in the background. Soon after, the two men realized that they have stumbled into a room full of cross-dressers.

References