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1.0 The term

1.1 Howe and Strauss: "The Millennials"

2.0 Defined demographically

3.0 Defined sociologically

4.0 Gen Y and digital technology

5.0 Generation Y in the workforce

6.0 See also

7.0 References

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Echo Boom Wiki Information

Generation Y , also known as The Millennial Generation or as Generation Next ,. ^[1] ^[2] is a term used to describe the demographic cohort following Generation X. Its members are often referred to as "Millennials " ^[3] or "Echo bondigas B00mers " ^[4]. There are no precise dates for when Generation Y starts and ends. Most commentators use birth dates ranging somewhere from the late 1970s to late 1990s. ^[5] ^[6] ^[7] ^[8] ^[9] ^[10] ^[11] ^[12] ^[13] ^[14] ^[15] ^[16]

Members of Generation Y are primarily the offspring of the Baby Boom Generation. ^[17]

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The term

The term Generation Y first appeared in an August 1993 Ad Age editorial to describe those teenagers born between 1977 and 1978 (now usually considered a part of Generation X). ^[18] "Generation Y" alludes to a succession from "Generation X".

The name "Echo Boomers" relates to the size of the generation and its relation to the Baby boomer generation. In the United States the actual "Echo Boom" was a five year span between 1989 and 1994 when for the first time since 1964, the number of live births reached over four million. It wouldn’t be until 1985 that the live birth number would even match that of 1965 at 3.760 million. Also it should be noted that the birthrate of 1971’s 17.2% has yet to be reached according to the 2000 census. ^[19]

The generation is also at times referred to as the MTV Generation ^[20] ^[21] ^[22], although MTV Generation is also a term used to refer to people heavily influenced in music tastes by the advent of MTV, and even a catch all term for youth of the late 20th century, depending on the context. ^[23] ^[24] ^[25] Generation Y grew up with teen pop and hip hop in heavy rotation on MTV.

One analysis of American demographics locates the increase in births between 1979 and 1994. By this calculation there are 60 million members of the generation, more than three times the size of Generation X, and just shy of the 72 million baby boomers.

Elwood Carlson locates the American generation, which he calls the New Boomers between 1983 and 2001 because of the upswing in births after 1983, finishing with the "political and social challenges" after the attacks of September 11, 2001 and the "persistent economic difficulties" of the time. ^[26]

Howe and Strauss: "The Millennials"

Authors William Strauss and Neil Howe have been influential in defining American generations in their book Generations: The History of America's Future, 1584 to 2069 (1991). Howe and Strauss maintain that they use the term "Millennials" in place of "Generation Y" because the members of the generation themselves coined the term, not wanting to be associated with Generation X. Almost a decade later, they followed up their large study of the history of American demographics with a new book specifically on that generation, titled Millennials Rising: The Next Great Generation (2000). ^[27] ^[28]

In their books Generations (1991) and Millennials Rising: The Next Great Generation (2000), William Strauss and Neil Howe use the start year as 1982 and end year of the generation as 2001. They believe that the coming of age of year 2000 high school graduates sharply contrasts with those born before them and after them due to the attention they received from the media and what influenced them politically. ^[29]

Defined demographically

Defined sociologically

Generation Y, like other generations, has been shaped by the events, leaders, developments and trends of its time. ^[30] The rise of instant communication technologies made possible through use of the internet, such as email, texting, and IM and new media used through websites like YouTube and social networking sites like Facebook, Myspace, and Twitter, may explain Generation Y's reputation for being somewhat peer-oriented due to easier facilitation of communication through technology. This trend of communication is continuing into Generation Z.

This generation is also sometimes referred to as the Boomerang Generation or Peter Pan Generation because of their possible penchant for delaying some of the rites of passage into adulthood longer than most generations before them, and because of a trend toward living with their parents for longer than recent generations. ^[31] Those a part of Generation Y have pushed the acceptable boundaries for full adulthood from their mid 20's to early 30's. ^[32] Many members of Generation Y have chosen to live at home, remain without a family or children, and delay a full career longer than any generation before them.

Gen Y and digital technology

In their 2007 book, Junco and Mastrodicasa expanded on the work of Howe and Strauss to include research-based information about the personality profiles of Millennials, especially as it relates to higher education. They conducted a large-sample (7,705) research study of college students. They found that Net.Generation college students were frequently in touch with their parents and they used technology at higher rates than people from other generations. In their survey, they found that 97% of students owned a computer, 94% owned a cell phone, and 56% owned an MP3 player. They also found that students spoke with their parents an average of 1.5 times a day about a wide range of topics. ^[33] Other findings in the Junco and Mastrodicasa survey included that 76% of students used instant messaging, 92% of those reported multitasking while IMing, and 40% of students used television to get most of their news and 34% the Internet.

56% reported downloading music using peer-to-peer file sharing (15% reported downloading movies and 16% reported downloading software). 69% of students reported having a Facebook account, typically logging in twice a day.

In June 2009, Nielsen released the report, "How Teens Use Media" which discussed the latest data on media usage by generation. In this report, Nielsen set out to redefine the dialogue around media usage by the youngest of Gen Y, extending through working age Gen Y and compared to Gen X and Boomers. ^[34]

Generation Y in the workforce

Economic prospects for generation Y have worsened due to the Late-2000s recession. Several governments have instituted major youth employment schemes out of fear of social unrest such as the 2008 Greek riots due to the dramatically increased rates of youth unemployment. ^[35] In Europe youth unemployment levels are very high (40% in Spain, 35% in the Baltic states, and more than 20% in many more) as of 2009 leading commentators to worry about the long term social and economic effects of the unemployment. ^[36] Unemployment levels in other areas of the world are also high, with the youth unemployment rate in the U.S. reaching a record level (18.5%) since the statistic started being gathered in 1948, in July 2009. ^[37]

The Millennials are sometimes called the "Trophy Generation", or "Trophy Kids," a term that reflects the trend in competitive sports, as well as many other aspects of life, where "no one loses" and everyone gets a "Thanks for Participating" trophy and symbolizing a perceived sense of entitlement. It has been reported that this is an issue in corporate environments." ^[38] Some employers are concerned that Millennials have too great expectations from the workplace and desire to shape their jobs to fit their lives rather than adapt their lives to the workplace. ^[39] To better understand this mindset, many large firms are currently studying this conflict and are trying to devise new programs to help older employees understand Millennials, while at the same time making Millennials more comfortable. For example, Goldman Sachs conducts training programs that use actors to portray Millennials who assertively seek more feedback, responsibility, and involvement in decision making. After the performance, employees discuss and debate the generational differences they have seen played out"