Lucky Philip Dube
(pronounced doo-bay
) [1] (August 3, 1964 – October 18, 2007) was a South African reggae musician. He recorded 22 albums in Zulu, English and Afrikaans in a 25-year period and was South Africa's biggest selling reggae artist. [2] [3] Dube was murdered in the Johannesburg suburb of Rosettenville on the evening of 18 October, 2007. [4] [5]
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Biography
Early life
Lucky Dube was born in
Ermelo, formerly of the Eastern Transvaal, now of
Mpumalanga, on August 3, 1964. His parents separated before his birth and he was raised by his mother, Sarah, who named him because she considered his birth fortunate after a number of failed pregnancies.
[6] Along with his two siblings, Thandi and Patrick, Dube spent much of his childhood with his grandmother, while his mother relocated to work. In a 1999 interview he described his grandmother as "his greatest love" who "multiplied many things to bring up this responsible individual that I am today."
[7] [8]
Beginning of his musical career
As a child Dube worked as a gardener but, realizing that he wasn't earning enough to feed his family, he began to attend school. There he joined a choir and, with some friends, formed his first
musical ensemble, called
The Skyway Band
.
While at school he discovered the
Rastafari movement. At the age of 18 Dube joined his cousin's band,
The Love Brothers, playing Zulu pop music known as
mbaqanga whilst funding his lifestyle by working for Hole and Cooke as a security guard at the car auctions in
Midrand. The band signed with Teal Record Company, under Richard Siluma (Teal was later incorporated into
Gallo Record Company). Though Dube was still at school, the band recorded material in Johannesburg during his school holidays. The resultant album was released under the name
Lucky Dube and the Supersoul
. The second album was released soon afterwards, and this time Dube wrote some of the lyrics in addition to singing. It was aroung this same time when he began to learn English.
Moving into reggae
On the release of his fifth Mbaqanga album, Dave Segal (who became Dube's sound engineer) encouraged him to drop the "Supersoul" element of the name. All subsequent albums were recorded as
Lucky Dube
. At this time Dube began to note fans were responding positively to some reggae songs he played during
live concerts. Drawing inspiration from
Jimmy Cliff [9] and
Peter Tosh,
he felt the socio-political messages associated with Jamaican reggae were relevant to a South African audience in an
institutionally racist society.
He decided to try the new musical genre and in 1984, released the
mini album Rastas Never Die
. The record sold poorly - around 4000 units - in comparison to the 30000 units his mbaqanga records would sell. Keen to suppress anti-apartheid activism, the apartheid regime banned the album in 1985.
[10] However, he was not discouraged and continued to perform the reggae tracks live and wrote and produced a second reggae album.
Think About The Children
(1985). It achieved
platinum sales status and established Dube as a popular reggae artist in South Africa, in addition to attracting attention outside his homeland.
Commercial and critical success
Dube continued to release commercially successful albums. In 1989 he won four
OKTV Awards for
Prisoner
, won another for
Captured Live
the following year and yet another two for
House Of Exile
the year after.
[11] His 1993 album,
Victims
sold over one million copies worldwide.
In 1995 he earned a worldwide recording contract with
Motown. His album
Trinity
was the first release on
Tabu Records after Motown's acquisition of the label.
In 1996 he released a
compilation album,
Serious Reggae Business
, which led to him being named the "Best Selling African Recording Artist" at the
World Music Awards and the "International Artist Of The Year" at the
Ghana Music Awards. His next three albums each won
South African Music Awards.
His most recent album,
Respect
, earned a European release through a deal with
Warner Music.
Dube toured internationally, sharing stages with artists such as
Sinéad O'Connor,
Peter Gabriel and
Sting.
He appeared at the 1991
Reggae Sunsplash (uniquely that year, was invited back on stage for a 25 minute long encore) and the 2005
Live 8 event in Johannesburg.
In addition to performing music Dube was a sometime actor, appearing in the
feature films Voice In The Dark
,
Getting Lucky
and
Lucky Strikes Back
.
[12]
Death
On
October 18 2007, Lucky Dube was killed in the Johannesburg suburb of Rosettenville shortly after dropping two of his seven children off at their uncle's house
[13]. Dube was driving his
Chrysler 300C which the assailants were apparently after. Police reports suggest he was shot dead by
carjackers. Five men have been arrested in connection with the murder
[14]. Three men were tried and found guilty on March 31, 2009; two of the men attempted to escape and were caught.
[15] The men were sentenced to life in prison.
[16]
He is survived by his wife, Zanele, and his seven children.
Legacy
On
October 21st,
2008,
Rykodisc released a compilation album entitled
Retrospective
, which featured many of Dube's most influential songs as well as previously unreleased tracks in the
United States. The album celebrated Dube's music and honored the contributions he made to
South Africa.
[17]
Discography
Mbaqanga
- Lengane Ngeyethu (1981)
- Kudala Ngikuncenga (1982)
- Kukuwe (1983)
- Abathakathi (1984)
- Ngikwethembe Na? (1985)
- Umadakeni (1987)
Afrikaans
Reggae
- Rastas Never Die (1984)
- Think About The Children (1985)
- Slave (1987)
- Together As One (1988)
- Prisoner (1989)
- Captured Live (1990)
- House of Exile (1991)
- Victims (1993)
- Trinity (1995)
- Serious Reggae Business (1996)
- Tax man (1997)
- The Way It Is (1999)
- The Rough Guide To Lucky Dube (compilation) (2001)
- Soul Taker (2001)
- The Other Side (2003)
- Respect (2006)
Compilation
- The Best of Lucky Dube (2008)
- Lucky Dube Live In Uganda (2008)
- Retrospective (2008)
References
- Fun Facts, luckydubemusic.com, Retrieved 19 October, 2007
- Five facts about reggae star Lucky Dube, ''Reuters'', 19 October, 2007
- S.Africa reggae icon shot and killed - radio, ''Reuters'', 19 October 2007.
- Hijackers gun down Lucky Dube, News24.com, 19 October 2007
- S African reggae star shot dead, ''BBC News'', 19 October 2007,
- Car jacker kills reggae star, ''CNN'', 19 October, 2007.
- Luvuyo Kakaza, Getting Lucky, ''The Mail & Guardian'', 26 August, 1999.
- Finding reggae, luckydubemusic.com, Retrieved 19 October, 2007
- Basildon Petain, South African reggae star shot dead in front of his children, ''The Independent'', 19 October, 2007.
- Condolences pour in for Lucky Dube, ''SABC'', 19 October, 2007.
- Discography, luckydubemusic.com, Retrieved 19 October, 2007
- Who's Who: Lucky Dube, News24, Retrieved 10 October, 2007
- S. African Reggae Star Lucky Dube Killed in Attempted Car-Jacking
- Five arrests over SA star's death
- Three Accused of the Murder of Lucky Dube Found Guilty Yahoo News, March 31, 2009
- Reggae Star's Killers Get Life Yahoo News, April 2, 2009
- Lucky Dube - Bio|Artists|RYKODISC