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The Bronx Wiki Information
The Bronx
is one of the Five Boroughs of New York City. It is the northernmost of the city's boroughs and the newest of the 62 counties of New York State. The Bronx is located northeast of Manhattan and south of Westchester County. It is the only borough situated primarily on the North American mainland (while the other four are on islands, except for Marble Hill, a very small portion of Manhattan.). In 2009, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated that the borough's population on July 1, 2008 was 1,391,903, [1] with an area of 42 square miles (109 square kilometers) of land, making the Bronx the fourth most populous of the five boroughs, fourth in land area, and third in density of population. [2] [3]
The Bronx is divided by the Bronx River into a hillier section in the west, closer to Manhattan, and the flatter East Bronx, closer to Queens and Long Island. The West Bronx was annexed to New York City (then largely confined to Manhattan) in 1874, and the areas east of the Bronx River in 1895. The Bronx first assumed a distinct legal identity when it became a borough of Greater New York in 1898. Bronx County
(the County of Bronx), with the same boundaries as the borough, was separated from New York County (today coextensive with the Borough of Manhattan) in 1912 and began its own operations in January 1914. Although the Bronx is the third-most-densely-populated county in the U.S., about a quarter of its land is open space, including Woodlawn Cemetery, Van Cortlandt Park, Pelham Bay Park, the New York Botanical Garden and the Bronx Zoo in the borough's north and center, on land deliberately preserved in the late 19th century as urban development progressed northwards and eastwards from Manhattan with roads, bridges and railroads.
The indigenous Lenape (Delaware) American Indians were progressively displaced after 1643 by settlers from the Netherlands and Great Britain. The Bronx received many Irish, German, Jewish and Italian immigrants as its once-rural population exploded between the mid-19th and mid-20th centuries. They were succeeded after 1945 by African-Americans and Hispanic Americans, together with immigrants from the Caribbean, especially Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic and Jamaica. In recent years, this cultural mix has made the Bronx a wellspring of both Latin music and hip hop.
The Bronx contains the poorest Congressional District in the United States, (the 16th), but the borough also has a variety of neighborhoods including the affluent Riverdale and Country Club. The Bronx, particularly the South Bronx, saw a sharp decline in population, livable housing, and quality of life issues in the late 1960s and the 1970s, culminating in a wave of arson, but has shown limited signs of revival in some recent years. [4]
New York's Five Boroughs at a Glance
|
Jurisdiction
| Population
| Land Area
|
Borough of
| County of
| estimate for 1 July 2008
| square miles
| square km
|
Manhattan
| New York
| 1,634,795
| 23
| 59
|
the Bronx
| Bronx
| 1,391,903
| 42
| 109
|
Brooklyn
| Kings
| 2,556,598
| 71
| 183
|
Queens
| Queens
| 2,293,007
| 109
| 283
|
Staten Island
| Richmond
| 487,407
| 58
| 151
|
'''New York City
| 8,363,710
| 303
| 786
|
New York
| 19,490,297
| 47,214
| 122,284
|
Source: United States Census Bureau
[, retrieved on May 15, 2009][, retrieved on July 12, 2008. New York County (Manhattan) was the nation's densest-populated county, followed by Kings County (Brooklyn), Bronx County, Queens County and San Francisco, California.][, retrieved on February 6, 2009]
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THE BRONX TICKETS
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History
Origins and name of The Bronx
The Bronx was called Rananchqua
[5] by the native Siwanoy [6] band of Lenape ("the Delawares" to Europeans), while other Native Americans knew the Bronx as Keskeskeck
. [7] It was divided by the Aquahung River.
Jonas Bronck (about 1600–1643), a Swedish sea-captain working for the Dutch, entering New Netherland in 1639, became the first recorded European settler in the area. He leased land from the Dutch West India Company on the neck of the mainland immediately north of the Dutch settlement in Harlem (on Manhattan island), and bought additional tracts from the local tribes. He eventually accumulated 500 acres (about 2 square km, or 3/4 of a square mile) between the Harlem River and the Aquahung, which became known as Bronck's River, or "The Bronx". Dutch and English settlers referred to the area as "Bronck's Land". [8] The American poet William Bronk is a descendent of Pieter Bronck, either Jonas Bronck's son or younger brother. [9]
- The Bronx is referred to, both legally, [10] and colloquially, [11] with a definite article, as "The Bronx". (The County of Bronx
, unlike the coextensive Borough of the Bronx
, does not place "the
" immediately before "Bronx
" in formal references, nor does the United States Postal Service in its database of Bronx addresses.) [12] The name for this region, apparently after the Bronx River, first appeared in the Annexed District of the Bronx
created in 1874 out of part of Westchester County and was continued in the Borough of the Bronx
, which included a larger annexation from Westchester County in 1898. The use of the definite article is attributed to the style of referring to rivers. [13] [14] Another explanation for the use of the definite article in the borough's name is that the original form of the name was a possessive or collective one referring to the family, as in visiting The Broncks
, The Bronck’s
or The Broncks’
. [15]
Before 1914
The development of the Bronx is directly connected to its strategic location between New England and New York ( Manhattan). Control over the bridges across the Harlem River plagued the period of British colonial rule. Kingsbridge, built in 1693 where Broadway reached the Spuyten Duyvil Creek, was a possession of the lords of Philipse Manor. The tolls they charged were resented by Bronx farmers with crops and cattle to sell in New York. It was the angry farmers who built a "free bridge" across the Harlem River which led to the abandonment of tolls altogether.
Historical populations
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Census
| Pop.
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| %±
| 1790
| | | — |
1800
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1810
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1820
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1830
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1840
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1850
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1860
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1870
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1880
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1890
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1900
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1910
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1920
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1930
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1940
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1950
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1960
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1970
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1980
| | | portal
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- List of people from the Bronx
- Bronx gangs (1950s-1960s)
- Bronx cheer (gesture)
- Bronx Bombers
References
- Bronx County, New York, retrieved on May 15, 2009
- While the Bronx has an area of 42 square miles (110 km²), those 42 square miles have more residents than the 665,000 square miles (1.7 million km²) of Alaska and Wyoming combined, according to Table 348 of the ''Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2008'') Ranked areas of the boroughs from U.S. Census Bureau, ''County and City Data Book:2007'' Table B-1, Area and Population, retrieved on July 12, 2008.
- U.S. Census Bureau, ''County and City Data Book:2007'' Table B-1, Area and Population, retrieved on July 12, 2008. New York County (Manhattan) was the nation's densest-populated county, followed by Kings County (Brooklyn), Bronx County, Queens County and San Francisco, California.
- See the "Historical Populations" table in History above and its sources.
- Bronx History: What's in a Name?
- Harding Park
- The Epic of New York City
- North of Manhattan
- [1]
- See, for example, New York City Administrative Code §2–202
- See, for example, references on the New York City website
- ZIP Code Lookup
- Lloyd Ultan, Bronx Borough Historian, letter to William F. Buckley, Jr. in "Notes & Asides", ''National Review'', January 28, 2002, retrieved on July 3, 2008.
- Steven Hess, "From The Hague to the Bronx: Definite Articles in Place Names", ''Journal of the North Central Name Society'', Fall 1987.
- Rev. David J. Born, letter to William F. Buckley, Jr. in "Notes & Asides", ''National Review'', January 28, 2002, retrieved on July 3, 2008.
- (1) ''Population 1790–1960:'' ''The World Almanac and Book of Facts'' 1966, page 452, citing estimates of the Department of Health, City of New York.
(2) ''Population 1790–1990:'' Article on "population" by Nathan Kantrowitz in ''The Encyclopedia of New York City'', edited by Kenneth T. Jackson (Yale University Press, 1995 ISBN 0-300-05536-6), citing the United States Census Bureau ''N.B.,'' Estimates in (1) and (2) before 1920 re-allocate the Census population from the counties whose land is now partly occupied by Bronx County. (3) ''Population 1920–1990:'' Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990, Compiled and edited by Richard L. Forstall, Population Division, US Bureau of the Census, United States Census Bureau, Washington, D.C. 20233, March 27, 1995, retrieved July 4, 2008. (4) ''Population April 1, 2000 & estimate for July 1, 2007:'' American Fact Finder (U.S. Census Bureau): Table GCT-T1, 2007 Population Estimates for New York State by County, retrieved on July 4, 2008 - Jordan L. Mott (1798–1866), inventor of a coal-fired, cast-iron stove and founder of the J. L. Mott Iron Works, formerly of the Bronx. See: John Thomas Scharf, ''History of Westchester County, New York..'', vol. 1, pt. 2 (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: L. E. Preston & Co., 1886), pages 830-886. Available on-line at: Google Books (retrieved July 27, 2009). See also: J. L. Bishop, E. T. Freedley, and E. Young, ''A History of American Manufactures from 1608 to 1860...'', vol. II (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Edward Young & Co., 1868), pages 576-578. also available on-line at Google Books (retrieved July 27, 2009)
- New York Atlas of Historical County Boundaries
- New York. ''Laws of New York''. 1873, 96th Session, Chapter 613, Section 1. p.928.
- Articles on "consolidation" (by David C. Hammack) and the "Bronx" (by David C. Hermalyn and Lloyd Ultan) in ''The Encyclopedia of New York City'', Yale 1995 (see Further reading below)
- New York. ''Laws of New York''. 1895, 118th Session, Chapter 934, Section 1. p.1948.
- Peck, Richard. "In the Bronx, the Gentry Live On; The Gentry Live On", ''The New York Times'', December 2, 1973. Accessed July 17, 2008. "But the Harlem riverfront was industrializing, and in 1874 the city annexed the area west of the Bronx River: Morrisania, West Farms and Kingsbridge. A second annexation in 1894 gathered in Westchester and portions of Eastchester and Pelham." However, 1894 must refer to the referendum, since the enabling act was not passed or signed until 1895.
- New York. ''Laws of New York''. 1912, 135th Session, Chapter 548, Section 1. p.1352.
- On the start of business for Bronx County: BRONX COUNTY IN MOTION. New Officials All Find Work to Do on Their First Day. ''The New York Times'', January 3, 1914 (PDF retrieved on June 26, 2008): "Despite the fact that the new Bronx County Court House is not completed there was no delay yesterday in getting the court machinery in motion. All the new county officials were on hand and the County Clerk, the District Attorney, the Surrogate, and the County Judge soon had things in working order. The seal to be used by the new county was selected by County Judge Louis D. Gibbs. It is circular. In the centre is a seated figure of Justice. To her right is an American shield and over the figure is written 'Populi Suprema.' ...
"Surrogate George M. S. Schulz, with his office force, was busy at the stroke of 9 o'clock. Two wills were filed in the early morning, but owing to the absence of a safe they were recorded and then returned to the attorneys for safe keeping. ...
"There was a rush of business to the new County Clerk's office. Between seventy-five and a hundred men applied for first naturalization papers. Two certificates of incorporation were issued, and seventeen judgments, seven lis pendens, three mechanics' liens and one suit for negligence were filed.
"Sheriff O'Brien announced several additional appointments." - Lloyd Ultan, Bronx Borough Historian, "History of the Bronx River," Paper presented to the Bronx River Alliance, November 5, 2002 (notes taken by Maarten de Kadt, November 16, 2002), retrieved on August 29, 2008. This 2-1/2 hour talk covers much of the early history of the Bronx as a whole, in addition to the Bronx River.
- Christopher Gray, "Streetscapes: The New York Coliseum; From Auditorium To Bus Garage to..." ''The New York Times'', Real Estate section, March 22, 1992, retrieved on July 2, 2008
- ''The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1943'', page 494, citing the American Jewish Committee and the Jewish Statistical Bureau of the Synagogue Council of America
- Remembrance of Synagogues Past: The Lost Civilization of the Jewish South Bronx, by Seymour J. Perlin, Ed.D. (retrieved on August 10, 2008), citing population estimates in "The Jewish Community Study of New York: 2002", UJA Jewish Appeal Federation of New York, June 2004, and his own survey of synagogue sites.
- Quick Tables QT-P15 and QT-P22, U.S. Census Bureau, retrieved on August 10, 2008
- Alfred A. Knopf, New York, 1974; ISBN 0-394-72024-5
- Roderick Wallace: "A synergism of plagues: 'planned shrinkage,' contagious housing destruction, and AIDS in the Bronx." ''Environmental Research'', October 1988, Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 1–33, and "Urban desertification, public health and public order: 'planned shrinkage', violent death, substance abuse and AIDS in the Bronx", ''Social Science & Medicine'', Vol. 37, No. 7 (1990) pp. 801–813 — abstracts retrieved on July 5, 2008 from PubMed. One sentence in the abstract of the 1990 article reads, "Empirical and theoretical analyses strongly imply present sharply rising levels of violent death, intensification of deviant behaviors implicated in the spread of AIDS, and the pattern of the AIDS outbreak itself, have been gravely affected, and even strongly determined, by the outcomes of a program of 'planned shrinkage' directed against African-American and Hispanic communities, and implemented through systematic and continuing denial of municipal services--particularly fire extinguishment resources--essential for maintaining urban levels of population density and ensuring community stability."
- Issues such as redlining, hospital quality and what looked like the planned shrinkage of garbage collection became the contentious issues that sparked the Puerto Rican activists known as the Young Lords. The Young Lords coalesced with similar groups fighting for neighborhood empowerment, such as the Black Panthers, to protest urban renewal and arson for profit with sit-ins and marches. See pages 6–9 of the guide to ''¡Palante Siempre Palante!'' The Young Lords a "P.O.V." (Point of View) documentary on the Public Broadcasting Service.
- For an example of this argument, as well as of several other theses mentioned here, see "When the Bronx was burning" ''City-data'' forum (blog), 2007, where rubygreta writes:"Rent control destroyed the Bronx, especially starting in the 1960s and 1970s, when oil prices rose through the roof, and heavily subsidized Coop City opened in the East Bronx.
Essentially, tenants never moved out of their apartments because they had below-market rents thanks to rent control. The apartments deteriorated and common areas deteriorated because the landlords had no cash-flow. And no cash flow meant that they could not get mortgages for major repairs such as boilers, roofs and window replacement."
- Arson for Hate and Profit
- PERSPECTIVES: The 10-Year Housing Plan; Issues for the 90's: Management and Costs, ''The New York Times'', January 7, 1990
- ''Neighborhood Change and the City of New York’s Ten-Year Housing Plan'' ''Housing Policy Debate'' • Volume 10, Issue 4. Fannie Mae Foundation 1999.
- NOS QUEDAMOS/WE STAY Melrose Commons, Bronx, New York Sustainable Communities Network Case Studies ''Sustainability in Action'' 1997, retrieved on July 6, 2008
- David Gonzalez, Yolanda Garcia, 53, Dies; A Bronx Community Force, ''The New York Times'', February 19, 2005, retrieved on July 6, 2008
- Meera Subramanian, HOMES AND GARDENS IN THE SOUTH BRONX, ''Portfolio'', November 8, 2005, New York University Department of Journalism, retrieved on July 6, 2008
- Wealthy are drowning in new bank branches, says study, ''New York Daily News'', Monday, September 10 2007
- Superintendent Neiman Addresses the Ninth Annual Bronx Bankers Breakfast June 15, 2007. Among the remarks of Richard H. Neiman, New York State's Superintendent of Banks, were these: "The Bronx was an economically stable community until the mid 1960s when the entire South Bronx struggled with major construction, real estate issues, red-lining, and block busting. This included a thoroughfare that divided communities, the deterioration of property as a result of rent control, and decrease in the value of real estate.
By the mid 1970s, the South Bronx was considered one of the most blighted urban cities in the country, with a loss of 60% of the population and 40% of housing units. The entire area struggled during the 1980s and 1990s to recover from this damage.
However, thanks to strong community leadership and the involvement of many of you, today, the Bronx is undergoing a resurgence, with new housing developments and thriving business. From 2000 to 2006, there was a 2.2% increase in population and home ownership rates increased by 19.6%. ... When I look at maps of the Bronx, it’s not difficult to see the areas that don’t have bank branches. These areas, which are prime locations for new bank branches, include Community districts 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 12."
- New bank targets Latinos in South Bronx December 11, 2007
- On June 30, 2005, there were 129 Federally-insured banking offices in the Bronx, for a ratio of 1.0 offices for every 10,000 inhabitants. By contrast the national financial center of Manhattan had 555 for a ratio of 3.5/10,000, Staten Island a ratio of 1.9, Queens 1.7 and Brooklyn 1.1. In New York State as a whole the ratio was 2.6 and in the United States, 3.5 (a single office can serve more people in a more-densely-populated area.) U.S. Census Bureau, ''City and County Data Book, 2007'' Table B-11. Counties -- Banking, Retail Trade, and Accommodation and Food Services For 1997 and 2007, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Summary of Deposits; summary tables Deposits of all FDIC-Insured Institutions Operating in New York: State Totals by County — all retrieved on July 15–16, 2008.
- Celebrities Now Give Thonx for Their Roots in the Bronx
- Bx is Booming
- FUTURE OF NEW WARDS; New-York's Possession in Westchester County Rapidly Developing. ''The New York Times'', Wednesday, May 17, 1896, page 15 (The subheadlines continue "TROLLEY AND STEAM ROAD SYSTEMS Vast Areas Being Brought Close to the Heart of the City -- Miles of New Streets and Sewers. BOTANICAL AND ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS. Advantages That Will Soon Relieve Crowded Sections of the City of Thousands of Their Inhabitants.") This is a very useful glimpse into the state of the Bronx (and the hopes of Manhattan's pro-Consolidation forces) as parks, housing and transit were all being rapidly developed.
- Bronx High Point and Ascent of Bronx Point on 2008-6-24 at Peakbaggers.com, retrieved on July 22, 2008
- Waterfront Development Initiative, Bronx Borough President's office, March 19, 2004, retrieved on July 29, 2008
- U.S. Census 2000 Gazetteer Files retrieved n July 26, 2008
- Last Section Of Macombs Dam Park Closes To The Public For Redevelopment ''On-site construction begins on Garage A and the New Macombs Dam Park'', Press Release, November 1, 2007, New York City Department of Parks and Recreation retrieved on July 19, 2008
- Ladies and gentlemen, the Bronx is blooming! by Beth J. Harpaz, Travel Editor of The Associated Press (AP), June 30, 2008, retrieved on July 11, 2008
- Crotona Park New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, retrieved on July 20, 2008
- Article on the Bronx by Gary D. Hermalyn and Lloyd Ultan in ''The Encyclopedia of New York City'' (1995 - see Further reading for bibliographic details)
- Jerome Park (New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, retrieved on July 12, 2008).
- Bronx Parks for the 21st Century, New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, retrieved on July 20, 2008. This links to both an interactive map and a downloadable (1.7 MB PDF) map showing nearly every public park and greenspace in the Bronx.
- As Maps and Memories Fade, So Do Some Bronx Boundary Lines by Manny Fernandez, ''The New York Times'', September 16, 2006, retrieved on August 3, 2008
- Most correlations with Community Board jurisdictions in this section come from Bronx Community Boards at the Bronx Mall web-site, and New York: a City of Neighborhoods, New York City Department of City Planning, both retrieved on August 5, 2008
- Quick Table QT-P4. Race, Combinations of Two Races, and Not Hispanic or Latino: 2000; Data Set: Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data; Geographic Area: Bronx County, New York drawn from U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000 Summary File 1, Matrices P3 and P4, retrieved on August 7, 2008. Basic Census classifications kept but some data and percentages renamed, resorted or recalculated to match local conditions.
- Quick Table QT-P9. Hispanic or Latino by Type: 2000; Data Set: Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data; Geographic Area: Bronx County, New York drawn from U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000 Summary File 1, Matrix PCT11, retrieved on August 7, 2008
- Historical Census Browser University of Virginia, Geospatial and Statistical Data Center, retrieved on August 7, 2008, querying 1930 Census for New York State. "The data and terminology presented in the Historical Census Browser are drawn directly from historical volumes of the U.S. Census of Population and Housing."
- Oscar Johnson, "Chilly Coexistence: Africans and African Americans in the Bronx", ''Race Anthology'' (Columbia University journalism program), Spring 2000, retrieved on August 7, 2008. According to this story, U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service data show that in 1996, about two-thirds of those Ghanaians visiting the United States, and nearly three-fourths of those naturalized, arrived in New York City.
- American Factfinder 2000 Ancestry: Bronx County, NY
- Mario Merola Building / Bronx County Courthouse
- Cornell Law School Supreme Court Collection: Board of Estimate of City of New York v. Morris, accessed June 12, 2006
- Kappstatter, Bob, (2/18/09), ''Bronx Beep Bound for D.C.'', New York Daily News
- Trymaine Lee, Voters Elect Díaz as New Borough President'', ''The New York Times'', New York edition, April 22, 2009, page A24, retrieved on May 13, 2009
- Kappstatter, Bob, (4/22/09), ''Ruben Diaz Cruises to Victory in Bronx Borough President Special Election'', New York Daily News
- Board of Elections in the City of New York, Bronx Borough President special election results, April 21, 2009 (PDF with details by Assembly District, April 29, 2009), retrieved on May 13, 2009
- ''The Almanac of American Politics 2008'' , edited by Michael Barone with Richard E. Cohen and Grant Ujifusa, National Journal Group, Washington, D.C., 2008 ISBN 978-0-89234-117-7 (paperback) or -116-0 (hardback), chapter on New York state
- U.S. Census Bureau, ''Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003'', Section 31, Table 1384. Congressional District Profiles — 108th Congress: 2000
- New York State Board of Elections: 2006 Results Page, retrieved on July 23, 2008.
- Board of Elections in the City of New York Summary of Election Results (1999–2008), retrieved on July 21, 2008.
- ''The World Almanac and Book of Facts'' for 1929 & 1957; Our Campaigns (New York Counties Bronx President History);''The Encyclopedia of New York City'' (see Further reading below), article on "government and politics"
- (The Republican line exceeded the ALP's in every other borough)
- To see a comparison of borough votes for Mayor, see New York City mayoral elections#How the Boroughs voted
- "NYC Post Offices to observe Presidents’ Day." ''United States Postal Service''. February 11, 2009. Retrieved on May 5, 2009.
- "Post Office Location - BRONX GPO." ''''United States Postal Service''. Retrieved on May 5, 2009.
- QT-P19. School Enrollment: 2000; Data Set: Census 2000 Summary File 3 (SF 3) - Sample Data; Geographic Area: Bronx County, New York, U.S. Census Bureau, retrieved August 22, 2008
- U.S. Census Bureau, ''County and City Data Book:2007'', Table B-4. Counties -- Population Characteristics
- In September 2008, Fordham University and its neighbor, the Wildlife Conservation Society, a global research organization which operates the Bronx Zoo, will begin a joint program leading to a Master of Science degree in adolescent science education (biology grades 7-12).
- Monroe College history (from the College's web site) retrieved on July 27, 2008.
- Edgar Allan Poe Cottage, accessed October 9, 2006
- 2007 Fort Greene Park Summer Literary Festival website. See also the Flickr.com photograph album of the 2007 Festival
- David Gonzalez, "Will Gentrification Spoil the Birthplace of Hip-Hop?", ''The New York Times'', May 21, 2007, retrieved on July 1, 2008
- Jennifer Lee, "Tenants Might Buy the Birthplace of Hip-Hop", ''The New York Times'', January 15, 2008, retrieved on July 1, 2008
- Tukufu Zuberi ("detective"), ''BIRTHPLACE OF HIP HOP'', History Detectives, Season 6, Episode 11, New York City, found at PBS official website. Accessed February 24, 2009.
- Johan Kugelberg, ''Born in the Bronx''; New York: Rizzoli (Universe), 2007; ISBN 978-0-7893-1540-3.
- Christopher Gray,
"Sturm und Drang Over a Memorial to Heinrich Heine", ''The New York Times'', May 27, 2007, retrieved on July 3, 2008.
See also Public Art in the Bronx: Joyce Kilmer Park, from Lehman College
- Maritime Industry Museum, retrieved on August 21, 2008
- Its website showcases very short selections (less than 20 seconds and over 2 MB each in uncompressed AIFF format) from ''Bronx Music Vol.1'', an out-of-press compact disc of the old and new sounds and artists of the Bronx.
- David Hinkley, "Scorn and disdain: Spike Jones giffs Hitler der old birdaphone, 1942." ''New York Daily News'',"March 3, 2004.http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/2004/03/03/2004-03-03_scorn_and_disdain_spike_jone.html
- Ladies and Gentlemen, the Bronx is Burning
- Opportunities for Arts Organizations and Community Based Organizations
- (ISBN 057312129X)
- Kate Simon, ''Bronx Primitive: Portraits in a Childhood.'' New York: Harper Colophon, 1983.
- ''The Threepenny Review'', Volume 109, Spring 2007
- Avery Corman, ''The Old Neighborhood'', Simon and Schuster, 1980; ISBN 0671414755
- Tom Wolfe, ''The Bonfire of the Vanities'', Farrar, Straus and Giroux 1987 (hardback) ISBN 978-0-37411-535-7, Picador Books 2008 (paperback) ISBN 978-0-31242-757-3
- Anne Barnard, Twenty Years After 'Bonfire,' A City No Longer in Flames, ''The New York Times'', December 10, 2007, retrieved on July 1, 2008
- Car 54, Where Are You?#Theme song
- ''The Encyclopedia of New York City'', edited by Kenneth T. Jackson (Yale University Press and The New York Historical Society, New Haven, Connecticut, 1995 ISBN 0-300-05536-6), pages 1091–1095
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