Ingolstadt
(; Austro-Bavarian: Inglstådt
) is a city in the Free State of Bavaria, Germany. It is located along the banks of the Danube River, in the center of Bavaria. As of December 31, 2005, Ingolstadt had 121,801 residents. It is part of the Munich Metropolitan Area with a population of more than 5 million.
Ingolstadt is mentioned in the novel Frankenstein
by Mary Shelley. It is the birthplace of the monster as created by the scientist Victor Frankenstein.
The Illuminati, a Bavarian secret society, was founded in Ingolstadt in the late 18th century.
The headquarters of the German automobile manufacturer Audi are located in Ingolstadt, as well as the headquarters of the electronic stores MediaMarkt and Saturn.
Ingolstadt Central Station has been connected to Nuremberg by a high-speed rail link since May 2006. Ingolstadt also has a second passenger station at Ingolstadt Nord.
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History and culture
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Ingolstadt was first mentioned in a document of
Charlemagne on
6 February 806 as "Ingoldes stat", the place of Ingold. Circa year 1250, Ingolstadt was granted city status.
Ingolstadt was the capital of the duchy
Bavaria-Ingolstadt between 1392 and 1447. Ingolstadt was then united with Bavaria-Landshut.
Louis VII, Duke of Bavaria ordered the building of the New Castle, which is strongly influenced by
French Gothic architecture.
In 1472
Louis IX, Duke of Bavaria founded the
Ludwig-Maximilians-University in Ingolstadt, which was moved to
Landshut in 1800 and finally to
Munich.
On 30 April 1632, the German
fieldmarshall Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly died in Ingolstadt, during the Swedish siege. The fieldmarshall had been badly hurt in a previous engagement with the Swedes under King
Gustavus Adolphus. Ingolstadt proved to be the first fortress in
Germany that held out for the entire length of the Swedish siege, and the Swedes eventually withdrew.
The horse of Gustavus Adolphus can be seen in the City Museum. It was shot from under the king by one of the cannons inside the fortress. The cannon was known as "The Fig". When the Swedes withdrew, the remains of the horse were preserved, and it was eventually put on display, and has remained so for almost 400 years.
Originally a fortress city, Ingolstadt is enclosed by a medieval defensive wall. The Bavarian fortress (1537–1930) nowadays holds the . During
World War I, future
French president
Charles de Gaulle was detained there as a
prisoner of war. A
sappers' drill ground is still crossing the river
[clarification needed], two military air bases are nearby, one used for testing airplanes. The long military tradition of the city is reflected in today's civil and cultural life. Former "off-limit" grounds are now well-used public parks.
Ingolstadt was the city where
William IV, Duke of Bavaria wrote and signed the Bavarian
Reinheitsgebot in 1516. Adolf Scherzer composed the "Bayerischen Defiliermarsch", and Mary Shelley's
Frankenstein
is related to the
Ingolstädter Alte Anatomie
(Old Anatomy Building), now a museum for medical history. In 1748,
Adam Weishaupt, the founder of the Order of
Illuminati, was born in Ingolstadt. The famous writer
Marieluise Fleißer wrote
Pioniere in Ingolstadt
in 1928.
Main sights
As one of five ducal residences of medieval Bavaria next to Landshut, Munich, Straubing and Burghausen, the city of Ingolstadt features many gothic buildings, such as the
Herzogskasten
(Old ducal castle; ca. 1255) and the
New Castle
, which was built from 1418 onwards. The largest church is the gothic hall
Church of Our Lady
which was begun in 1425. Also the churches of
Saint Maurice
(1235) and of the monasteries
Gnadenthal
and of the Franciscans date from the gothic era. The
Kreuztor
(1385) is one of the remaining gates of the old city wall. The gothic
Old City Hall
was also constructed in the 14th century, but later altered several times.
The baroque era is today still represented by the
Old Anatomy Building
of the university (1723-1736, by Gabriel de Gabrieli) and the church
St. Maria de Victoria
which was built by the
Asam brothers (1732-1736), while the church of the Augustinians of
Johann Michael Fischer (1736) was completely destroyed in World War II.
Many buildings of the neo-classical fortification of
Leo von Klenze have been preserved, such as the
Reduit Tilly
and the towers
Baur
und
Triva
.
Schools
Ingolstadt School of Management
Ingolstadt is home of one of
Germany's foremost business schools: the
Ingolstadt School of Management. It's the department of business administration and economics of the "Catholic University of Eichstaett-Ingolstadt."
In national rankings, the B-school regularly scores among the top ten, which is due to its high academic quality and excellent student:professor ratio. The faculty maintains a vast network of partner universities for international educational exchange.
Currently, the Ingolstadt School of Management offers
bachelor's and
master's degrees in business administration (
German:
BWL - Betriebswirtschaftslehre
). Among the academic programs offered are also an executive
MBA and doctoral degrees.
University of Applied Sciences
The University of Applied Sciences Ingolstadt is a new and dynamic university for technology, computer sciences and business administration. With around 2500 students the University is the biggest institution of learning in Ingolstadt.
Classes are small and students receive individual attention. The close interaction between professors, instructors and students creates a pleasant contrast to studying at a larger universities.
Several scholarship programs supported by companies such as Siemens and Temic provide gifted students with financial assistance during their studies. These students deepen their practical experience by working at these organizations.
The University of Applied Sciences Ingolstadt offers several Undergraduate and Graduate Programs. Every Program is listed under the top 10 in Germany.
Literary references
Ingolstadt is one of the many settings in Mary Shelley's novel
Frankenstein
. Primarily, Victor Frankenstein attends university in Ingolstadt. The musical version of the novel,
Frankenstein - A New Musical has many scenes set in Ingolstadt.
Ingolstadt is also a pivotal location in
The Illuminatus! Trilogy
by
Robert Shea and
Robert Anton Wilson.
Dr.
Faust is mentioned in an old and short local tale.
The X-Files
episode "The Post-Modern Prometheus" makes a reference to the
University of Ingolstadt. This was an allusion to
Frankenstein
, as the episode was filled with Frankenstein references, and the full title of
Frankenstein
is actually
"Frankenstein: or, The Modern Prometheus"
(also see:
Prometheus).
Twin towns
Several other cities are sister cities to Ingolstadt:
- Györ, Hungary
- Kirkcaldy, Scotland
- Grasse, France
- Carrara, Italy
- Kragujevac, Serbia
- Manisa, Turkey
- Opole, Poland [1]
- Central District, Moscow, Russia
- Murska Sobota, Slovenia
Organizations and clubs
- MTV 1881 Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt's major sports club
- FC Ingolstadt 04, Footballclub in 3. Bundesliga (II)
- Grün-Weiß Ingolstadt, Footballclub in Kreisklasse (IX)
- Ingolstadt Schanzer, Baseball team in 2. Bundesliga (II)
- ERC Ingolstadt, Icehockey team in DEL (I)
See also
References
- Opole Official Website - Twin Towns