Hanover
or Hannover
(German: Hannover
(help·info), ), on the river Leine, is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen
), Germany and was once by personal union the family seat of the Hanoverian Kings of Great Britain, in their dignities as the dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg (which title was later called the Elector of Hanover at the end of the historical period known as Early Modern Europe). After the Napoleonic Wars ended, the Electorate was enlarged and made into the capital of the Kingdom of Hanover.
In addition to being the capital of Lower Saxony, Hanover was the capital of the administrative area Regierungsbezirk Hannover
(Hanover region
) until Lower Saxony's administrative regions were disbanded at the beginning of 2005. It is, however, still part of the Hanover district (Region Hannover
), which is a municipal body made up from the former district and city of Hanover.
With a population of 522,944 (1 February 2007) the city is a major center of northern Germany, known for hosting annual commercial expositions such as the Hanover Fair and the CeBIT. Every year Hanover hosts the Schützenfest Hannover, the world's largest Marksmen's Fun Fair, and the Oktoberfest Hannover, which is the second largest Oktoberfest in the world. In 2000, Hanover hosted the world fair Expo 2000. The Hanover fairground, due to numerous extensions especially for the Expo 2000, is the largest in the world. Hanover also has regional importance because of its universities and medical school, its international airport, and its large zoo. The city is also a major crossing point of railway lines and highways (Autobahnen), connecting European main lines in east-west-direction (Berlin - Ruhr area) and north-south-direction (Hamburg - Munich et al.).
|
HANNOVER 96 TICKETS
|
History
Founded in medieval times on the south bank of the river
Leine (the original name
Honovere
may be translated as "high bank", though this is debated), Hanover was a small village of ferrymen and fishermen that became a comparatively large town in the 13th century as a natural crossroads. In a time of relatively difficult overland travel, its position on the upper navigable reaches of the river favored it for increasing trade and growth. Connected to the
Hanseatic League city of
Bremerhaven via the
Leine river from its place near the southern edge of the wide
central German plains to its north and situated north-west of the
Harz mountains, it enjoyed a mountain skirting "
crossroads" position in east-west land traffic by mule train. Hanover thus acted as a gateway to the
Rhine, the
Ruhr and
Saar River valleys and their industrial areas to the southwest, for the plains regions both to its east and north, as well as overland traffic skirting the Hartz between the
Low Countries and
Saxony or
Thuringia.
In the 14th century the main
churches of Hanover were built, as well as a
city wall with three
town gates to secure the city. With the beginnings of industrialization in Germany, trade in iron and silver from the northern Hartz mountains increased the city's importance.
In 1636, the
Elector of
Calenberg, the new Duke of
Brunswick-Lüneburg,moved his residence to Hanover. His
electorate was thereafter known as the Electorate of Hanover (see:
House of Hanover). His descendants would later become monarchs of
Great Britain (after 1801, monarchs of the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland). The first of them was
George I, who ascended to the British throne in 1714. The last British monarch who ruled in Hanover was
William IV ; salic law forbade the accession of a woman in Hanover, in this case Queen Victoria of Great Britain and Ireland. As a male-line descendant of George I, Queen Victoria was herself a member of the House of Hanover. Her descendants, however, were affiliated to her husband's titular name of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. Three kings of Great Britain, or the United Kingdom, were at the same time
Electoral Princes of Hanover.
During the time of the union of the crowns of the United Kingdom and Hanover (1714–1837), the monarchs rarely visited the city. In fact, during the reigns of the final three joint rulers (1760–1837), there was only one short visit, by
George IV, in 1821. Usually, a viceroy represented the monarch in Hanover.
During the
Seven Years' War the
Battle of Hastenbeck took place on July 26, 1757, near the city. The
French army defeated the
Hanoverian Army of Observation, leading to the city's occupation.
19th century
thumb
thumb
After
Napoleon imposed the
Convention of Artlenburg (Convention of the Elbe) on July 5, 1803, about 30,000 French soldiers occupied Hanover. The Convention also meant the disbanding of the army of Hanover.
George III did not recognize the Convention of the Elbe. As a result of this, a great number of soldiers from Hanover eventually emigrated to
Great Britain, leading to the formation of the
King's German Legion, which was the only German army to fight continually during the entire Napoleonic wars against the French. They later played an important role in the
Battle of Waterloo in 1815. The
Congress of Vienna in 1814 elevated the electorate to the
Kingdom of Hanover. The capital town Hanover expanded to the western bank of the
Leine and grew considerably since then.
In 1837, the
personal union of the United Kingdom and Hanover ended as
William IV's heir in the United Kingdom was female (
Queen Victoria). According to
Salic Law Hanover could only be inherited by males. As a consequence, Hanover passed to William IV's brother,
Ernest Augustus, and remained a kingdom until 1866, when it was annexed by
Prussia, during the
Austro-Prussian war. Despite having won the
Battle of Langensalza against Prussia,the city of Hanover became the Prussian provincial capital. After the annexation, the people of Hanover opposed the Prussian regime.
However, for Hanoverian industry, the new connection to
Prussia meant an improvement in business. The introduction of
free trade promoted economic growth, and also led to the recovery of the
Gründerzeit (founders era). In the period from 1871 to 1912 the population of Hanover grew from 87,600 to 313,400.
In 1872 the first
horse railway was inaugurated, and from 1893 an electric
tram was developed.
In 1887
Emile Berliner invented the record and the
gramophone.
The upswing in Hanover started with the era of urban Director
Heinrich Tramm. From 1891–1918 he was director of the city of Hanover, and fundamentally shaped the look of the city up to the turn of the century (The "Tramm Era"). The New Town Hall, the Trammplatz, is named after him.
In 1883 from the city of Hanover, the Hanover district government was created and became active.
The city was enlarged first in 1869, followed in 1882 by adding Königsworther Platz and the Welfengarten. In 1891 the municipalities of
Herrenhausen,
Hainholz,
Vahrenwald were added. In 1907 the municipalities of
Stöcken, Gutsbezirk Mecklenheide, Bothfeld, Klein-Buchholz,
Groß-Buchholz,
Kirchrode,
Döhren and
Wülfel were incorporated into Hanover
thumb
Nazi Germany
From 1937 the Lord Mayor and the state commissioners of Hanover were members of the
NSDAP (NAZI party). As everywhere else in Germany, there was also a
Jewish population in Hanover. In October 1938, 484 Hanoverian Jews of Polish origin were expelled to
Poland, including the
Grynszpan family. However, Poland refused to admit them. The Grynszpans and thousands of other Polish-Jewish deportees were left stranded at the border, fed only intermittently by the Polish
Red Cross and Jewish welfare organizations. Their famous (or infamous) assassin son
Herschel Grynszpan was in
Paris at the time. When he heard about the expulsion of his family to Poland, he drove to the German embassy and killed the German diplomat Eduard
Ernst vom Rath.
The Nazis took this act as a pretext for staging their nationwide pogrom known as
Kristallnacht. It was in Hanover on November 9, 1938 that the synagogue, designed in 1870 by
Edwin Oppler in
neo-romantic style, was burnt by the Nazis.
In September 1941, through the "Action Lauterbacher" plan, a
ghettoisation of the remaining Hanoverian Jewish families began. Even before the
Wannsee Conference, on December 15, 1941, the first Jews from Hanover were deported to
Riga. A total of 2,400 people were deported, and very few survived. Of the approximately 4,800 Jews who had lived in Hannover 1938, less than 100 were still in the city when troops of the
United States Army arrived on April 10, 1945 to occupy Hanover at the end of the war. Today, a memorial at the Opera Square is a reminder of the persecution of the Jews in Hanover.
World War II
Hanover was an important
road junction and production center that was a target area of the
Strategic bombing during World War II, including the
Oil Campaign. Targets included the
AFA (
Stöcken), the
Deurag-Nerag refinery (
Misburg), the
Continental plant (
Vahrenwald), the United light metal works (VLW) in
Ricklingen and
Laatzen, and in
Linden,
the Hanover/Limmer rubber reclamation plant, the
Hanomag factory, and
NMH.
Forced laborers were used from the
Hannover-Misburg subcamp of the
Neuengamme concentration camp. The residential areas were also targeted and more than 6,000 people were killed in the Allied bombing raids. More than 90% of the city center was destroyed in 88 bombing raids
[5]. After the war, the Aegidienkirche was not rebuilt and its ruins were kept as a war memorial.
Hanover was in the British zone of occupation of Germany after the war, and became part of the new
state (Land) of
Lower Saxony in 1946.
Today the City of Hanover is a Vice-President City of Mayors for Peace, an international Mayoral organization mobilizing cities and citizens worldwide to abolish and eliminate nuclear weapons by the year 2020.
[6]
Subdivisions
Districts
thumb
thumb
#
Mitte
#
Vahrenwald-List
#
Bothfeld-Vahrenheide
#
Buchholz-Kleefeld
#
Misburg-Anderten
#
Kirchrode-Bemerode-Wülferode
#
Südstadt-Bult
#
Döhren-Wülfel
#
Ricklingen
#
Linden-Limmer
#
Ahlem-Badenstedt-Davenstedt
#
Herrenhausen-Stöcken
#
Nord
Quarters
- Nordstadt
- Südstadt
- Oststadt
- Zoo (for the zoo itself, see Hanover Zoo)
- Herrenhausen
Main sights
thumb
thumb ("state opera") is housed in its classical 19th century opera house.
thumb
thumb
thumb River At Hanover City
thumb
One of the most famous sights is the
Royal Gardens of Herrenhausen
:
The
Great Garden
is an important European baroque garden. The palace itself, however, was largely destroyed by Allied bombing. Some points of interest are the
Grotto
(the interior was designed by the French artist
Niki de Saint-Phalle), the
Galery Building
, the
Orangerie
and the two pavillons by Remy de la Fosse. The Great Garden consists of several parts. The most popular ones are the
Great Ground
and the
Neuveau Jardin
. At the centre of the Neuveau Jardin is Europe's highest garden fountain. The historic
Garden Theatre
inter alia hosted the musicals of the German rock musician
Heinz Rudolf Kunze.
The
Berggarten
is an important European botanical garden. Some points of interest are the
Tropical House
, the
Cactus House
, the
Canary House
and the
Orchid House
, which hosts one of the world's biggest collection of orchids, and free-flying birds and butterflies. Near the entrance to the Berggarten is the historic
Library Pavillon
. The
Mausoleum
of the Guelphs is also located in the Berggarten. Like the Great Garden, the Berggarten also consists of several parts, for example the
Paradies
and the
Prairie Garden
. There is also the
Sea Life Centre Hanover
, which is the first tropical aquarium in Germany.
The
Georgengarten
is an English landscape garden. The
Leibniz Temple
and the
Georgen Palace
are two points of interest there.
Other gardens are the
Guelph Garden
with the
Guelph Palace
and the
Prince Garden
. Nearby are the
Water Art
, the
Hardenbergsche House
and the
Prince House
.
The landmark of Hanover is the
New Town Hall
(Neues Rathaus). Inside the building are four scale models of the town and the only working diagonal elevator in Germany, which goes up the large dome.
The
Hanover Zoo
is one of the most spectacular and best zoos in Europe. The zoo received the Park Scout Award for the third year running in 2008, placing it among the best zoos in Germany. The zoo consists of several theme-areas: Sambesi, Meyers Farm, Gorilla-Mountain, Jungle-Palace, and Mullewapp. Some smaller areas are Australia, the wooded area for wolves, and the so-called swimming area with many seabirds. There is also a tropical house, a jungle house, and a show arena. The new Alaska-themed area, Yukon Bay, is still under construction.
Another point of interest is the
Old Town
. At the centre is the huge
Market Church and the
Old Town Hall
. Near by are the
Leibniz House
, the
Nolte House
, and the
Beguine Tower
. A very nice quarter of the Old Town is the
Kreuz-Church-Quarter
around the
Kreuz Church
with many nice little lanes. Nearby is the old theatre, called
Ballhofeins
. On the edge of the Old Town are the
Market Hall
, the
Leine Palace
, and the ruin of the
Aegidien Church
which is now a monument to the victims of war and violence. Through the
Marstall Gate
you arrive at the bank of the river
Leine
, where the world-famous
Nanas
of
Niki de Saint-Phalle are located. They are part of the
Mile of Sculpture
which leads from the Königsworter Square up to the entrance of the Georgengarten. Near the Old Town is the district Calenberger Neustadt where the Catholic Church of
St. Clemens
, the
Reformed Church
, and the Protestant
Neustädter Church
are located.
Some other popular sights are the
Waterloo Column
, the
Laves House
, the
Wangenheim Palace
, the
Lower Saxony State Archives
, the
Hanover Playhouse
, the
Kröpcke Clock
, the
Anzeiger Tower Block
, the
Administration Building of the NORD/LB
, the
Cupola Hall
of the Congress Centre, the
Lower Saxony Stock
, the
Ministry of Finance
, the
Garten Church
, the
Luther Church
, the
Gehry Tower
(designed by the American architect
Frank O. Gehry), the specially designed
Bus Stops
, the
Opera House
,
the Central Station
, the
Maschsee
lake and the city forest
Eilenriede
, which is one of the largest of its kind in Europe. Due to its around 40 parks, forests and gardens, a couple of lakes, two rivers and one canal, Hanover offers a large variety of leisure activities.
Since 2007 the historic
Leibniz Letters
, which can be visited in the
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Library
, are an UNESCO
World Heritage Site.
Outside of the city centre is the
EXPO-Park
, former site of
EXPO 2000. Some points of interests are the
Planet M.
, the former
German Pavillon
, the
Yempa Event-Palace
, the
Expowale
, the
EXPO-Plaza
and the
EXPO-Gardens
(Parc Agricole, EXPO-Park South and the Gardens of change). Via the
Exponale
, which is one of the largest pedestrianbridges in Europe, the fairground is reachable. The
Hanover fairground
is the largest in the world. Two important sights on the fairground are the
Hermes Tower
(88.8 metres high) and the
EXPO Roof
, which is the largest woodroof in the world.
In the district of Anderten is the
European Cheese Centre
, which is the only Cheese-Experience-Centre in Europe. Nearby is also Hanovers large funpark, the
CAMPO Aktiv-Arena
. It is the largest sports- and leisure facility in Northern Germany with around 60 attractions. Another important sight in Anderten is the
Hindenburg Lock
, which was the biggest lock in Europe at the time of construction in 1928. The
Animalgarden
in the district of Kirchrode is a huge forest and shows the local animals.
In the district of Groß-Buchholz is the
Telemax
, the tallest building in Lower Saxony and one of the highest television towers in Northern Germany. Some other remarkable towers are the
VW-Tower
and the old towers of the former mid-age defence belt:
Döhrener Tower
,
Lister Tower
and the
Horse Tower
.
The 36 most important sights of the city centre are connected with a long red line, which is painted on the pavement. This so-called
Red Thread
marks out a walk that starts at the Tourist Information Office and ends on the Ernst-August-Square in front of the central station. There is also a guided sightseeing-bus tour through the city.
Society and Culture
Museums and Galleries
The
Historic Museum
describes the history of Hanover, from the medieval settlement "honovere" to the world-famous Exhibition City of today. The museum focuses on the period from 1714 to 1834 when Hanover had a strong relationship with the British royal house.
With more than 4,000 members, the
Kestnergesellschaft
is the largest art society in Germany. The museum hosts exhibitions from classical modernist art to contemporary art. One big focus is put on film, video, contemporary music and architecture, room installments and big presentations of contemporary paintings, sculptures and video art.
The
Kestner Museum
is located in the
House of 5.000 windows
. The museum is named after
August Kestner and exhibits 6,000 years of applied art in four areas: Ancient cultures, ancient Egypt, applied art and a valuable collection of historic coins.
The
KUBUS
is a forum for contemporary art. It features mostly exhibitions and projects of famous and important artists from Hanover.
The
Kunstverein Hannover
(Art Society Hanover) was established in 1832 as one of the first art societies in Germany. It is located in the
Künstlerhaus
(House of artists). There are around 7 international monografic and thematic Exhibitions in one year.
The
Lower Saxony State Museum
is the largest museum in Hanover. The
State Gallery
shows the European Art from the 11th to the 20th century, the
Nature Department
shows the zoology, geology, botanic, geology and a
Vivarium
with fishes, insects, reptiles and amphibians. The
Primeval Department
shows the primeval history of Lower Saxony and the
Folklore Department
shows the cultures from all over the world.
The
Sprengel Museum
shows the art of the 20th century. It is one of the most notable art museums in Germany. The focus is put on the classical modernist art with the collection of
Kurt Schwitters
, works of the German expressionism, and the French cubism, the cabinet of abstracts, the graphics and the department of photography and media. Furthermore the museum shows the famous works of the French artist Niki de Saint-Phalle.
The
Theatre Museum
shows an exhibition of the history of the theatre in Hanover from the 17th century up to now: opera, concert, drama and ballet. The museum also hosts several touring exhibitions during the year.
The
Wilhelm-Busch-Museum
is the
German museum for caricature and critical graphics
. The collection of the works of Wilhelm Busch and the extensive collection of caricatures and critical graphics is this museum unique in Germany. Furthermore the museum hosts several exhibitions of national and international artists during the year.
A cabinet of coins is the
Münzkabinett der TUI-AG
. The
Polizeigeschichtliche Sammlung Niedersachsen
is the largest police museum in Germany. Textiles from all over the world can be visited in the
Museum for textile art
. The
EXPOseeum
is the museum of the world-exhibition "EXPO 2000 Hannover". Carpets and things from the orient can be visited in the
Oriental Carpet Museum
. The
Blind Man Museum
is a rarity in Germany, another one is only in Berlin. The
Museum of veterinary medicine
is unique in Germany. The
Museum for Energy History
describes the 150 years old history of the application of energy. The
Home Museum Ahlem
shows the history of the district of Ahlem. The
Mahn- und Gedenkstätte Ahlem
describes the history of the Jewish people in Hanover and the
Stiftung Ahlers Pro Arte / Kestner Pro Arte
shows modern art. Modern art is also the maintopic of the
Kunsthalle Faust
, the
Nord/LB Art Gellery
and of the
Foro Artistico / Eisfabrik
.
Some leading art events in Hanover are the
Long Night of the museums
and the
Zinnober Kunstvolkslauf
which features all the galleries in Hanover.
People who are interested in space should visit the
Observatory Geschwister Herrschel
on the Lindener Mountain or the small planetarium inside of the Bismarck School.
Theatre, Cabaret and Musical
Around 40 theatres are located in Hanover. The
Opera House
, the
Schauspielhaus
(Play House), the
Ballhofeins
, the
Ballhofzwei
and the
Cumbarlandsche Galerie
belong to the
Lower Saxony State Theatre
. The
Theater am Aegi
is Hanovers big theatre for musicals, shows and guest performances. The
Neues Theater
(New Theatre) is the Boulevard Theatre of Hanover. The
Theater für Niedersachsen
is another big theatre in Hanover, which also has an own Musical-Company. Some 0f the must important Musical-Productions are the rockmusicals of the German rockmusician Heinz Rudolph Kunze, which take place at the
Garden-Theatre
in the Great Garden.
Some important theatre-events are the
Tanztheater International
, the
Long Night of the Theatres
, the
Festival Theaterformen
and the
International Competition for Choreographs
.
Hanovers leading cabaret-stage is the
GOP Variety theatre
which is located in the
Georgs Palace
. Some other famous cabaret-stages are the
Variety Marlene
, the
Uhu-Theatre
. the theatre
Die Hinterbühne
, the
Rampenlich Variety
and the revue-stage
TAK
. The most important Cabaret-Event is the
Kleines Fest im Großen Garten
(Little Festival in the Great Garden) which is the most successful Cabaret Festival in Germany. It features artists from around the world. Some other important events are the
Calenberger Cabaret Weeks
, the
Hanover Cabaret Festival
and the
Wintervariety
.
Music
thumbThe
rock bands
Scorpions and
Fury in the Slaughterhouse are originally from Hanover. Also, acclaimed DJ
Mousse T has his main recording studio in the area.
There are/were two big international competitions for classical music in Hanover:
- (since 1991)
- (1997) (Non profit association Classica Nova exists in Hanover with the aim to continue the Classica Nova competition).
Sport
Hannover 96 (nickname
Die Roten
or 'The Reds') is Hanover's
football team that plays in the
Bundesliga top division. Home games are played at the
AWD-Arena.
Hannover 96 II
plays in the fourth league and the home games are played in the traditional
Eilenriedestadium
.
Arminia Hannover
is another very traditional soccer team in Hanover that has played in the first league for years and plays now in the
Niedersachsen-West Liga
(Lower Saxony League West). Home matches are played in the
Rudolf-Kalweit-Stadium
.
thumbHanover is one of Germany's centres for ice hockey. The
Hannover Scorpions
play in the top division and their home games are played in the
TUI Arena
. The
Hannover Indians
are the second ice hockey team in Hanover. Even though the Hanover Indians are in the second league usually more people come to matches at the "PferdeTurm" than to matches of the "Hannover Scorpions". This is because the Indians are originally from Hanover whereas the Scorpions moved to Hanover to access the larger market.
Hanover is also one of the
Rugby union capitals in Germany. The first German Rugby team was founded in Hanover in 1878. Hanover is one of the leading towns in the German Rugby scene.
DRC Hannover
plays in the
first division, and
SV Odin von 1905
as well as
SG 78/08 Hannover
play in the second division.
The first German Fencing Club was founded in Hanover in 1862. Today there are three more Fencing Clubs in Hanover.
Hanover is a centre for Water Sports. Thanks to the lake
Maschsee
, the rivers
Ihme
and
Leine
and to the channel
Mittellandkanal
Hanover hosts sailing schools, yacht schools, waterski clubs, rowing clubs, canoe clubs and paddle clubs. The water polo team
WASPO W98
plays in the first division.
The
Hannover Regents
play in the first German Baseball division.
Important Sport Events
The
Hannover Marathon
is the biggest running event in Hanover with more than 11.000 participants and usually around 200.000 spectators. Some other important running events are the
Gilde Stadtstaffel
(relay), the
Sport-Check Nachtlauf
(night-running), the
Herrenhäuser Team-Challenge
, the
Hannoversche Firmenlauf
(company running) and the
Silvesterlauf
(sylvester running).
Hanover hosts also an important international cycle race: The
Nacht von Hannover
(night of Hanover). The race takes place around the Market Hall.
The lake
Maschsee
hosts the
International Dragon Boat Races
and the
Canoe-Polo-Tournament
. Many regattas take place during the year.
Head of the river Leine
on the river
Leine
is one of the biggest rowing regattas in Hanover.
Some other important sport events are the
Lower Saxony Beach Volleyball Tournament
, the international horse show
German Classics
and the international ice hockey tournament
Nations Cup
.
Regular Events
thumb 2008 conference centre in HanoverHanover is one of the leading Exhibition Cities in the world. Each year Hanover hosts more than 60 international and national exhibitions. The most popular ones are the
CeBIT
, the
Hanover Fair
, the
Domotex
, the
Ligna
, the
IAA Nutzfahrzeuge
and the
Agritechnica
. Hanover also hosts a huge number of congresses.
But Hanover is not only one of the most important Exhibition Cities in the world, Hanover is also one of the German capitals for the marksmen. The
Schützenfest Hannover
is the largest Marksmen's Fun Fair in the world and takes place once a year. It consists of more than 260 rides and inns, five large beer tents and a big entertainment program. The highlight of this fun fair is the long
Parade of the Marksmen
with more than 12.000 participants from all over the world, among them around 5.000 marksmen, 128 bands and more than 70 wagons, carriages and big festival vehicles. It is the longest procession in Europe. Around 2 million people visit this fun fair every year. The landmark of this Fun Fair is the biggest transportable Ferris Wheel in the world ( high). The origins of this fun fair is located in the year 1529.
Hanover also hosts one of the two largest Spring Festivals in Europe with around 180 rides and inns, 2 large beer tents and around 1.5 million visitors each year. The
Oktoberfest Hannover is the second largest Oktoberfest in the world with around 160 rides and inns, two large beer tents and around 1 million visitors each year.
The
Maschsee Festival
takes place around the Maschsee Lake. Each year around 2 million visitors want to enjoy live music, comedy, cabaret and many more. It is the largest Volksfest of its kind in Northern Germany.
The Great Garden hosts every year the
International Fireworks Competition
, and the
International Festival Weeks Herrenhausen
with lots of music and cabaret.
The
Carnival Procession
is around long and consists of 3.000 participants, around 30 festival vehicles and around 20 bands and takes place every year.
Some more festivals are for example the Festival
Feuer und Flamme
(Fire and Flames), the
Gartenfestival
(Garden Festival), the
Herbstfestival
(Autumn Festival), the
Harley Days
, the
Steintor Festival
(Steintor is a party area in the city centre) and the
Lister-Meile-Festival
(Lister Meile is a large pedestrian area).
Hanover also hosts Food Festivals, for example the
Wine Festival
and the
Gourmet Festival
.
Furthermore Hanover hosts some special markets. The
Old Town Flea Market
is the oldest flea market in Germany and the
Market for Art and Trade
has a high reputation. Some other big market is of course the
Christmas Market Hanover
in the Old Town.
Transport
thumb
thumb G natural gas bus designed by
James Irvine
thumb tram designed by
Herbert Lindinger and
Jasper Morrison
Rail
The city's central station,
Hannover Hauptbahnhof, is a hub of vital importance in the German high-speed
ICE network. It is the starting point of the
Hanover-Würzburg high-speed rail line and the central hub for the
Hanover S-Bahn, offering international and national connections to virtually everywhere in Germany.
Air
Hanover and its area is served by
Hanover/Langenhagen International Airport (HAJ)
Road
Hanover is an important hub in Germany's
Autobahn network; the interchange of two major autobahns, the
A2 and
A7 is at
Kreuz Hannover-Ost
, at the northeastern edge of the city.
Local autobahns are
A 352 (a bypass between A7 and A2, also known as the
airport autobahn
because it runs close to
Hanover Airport
) and the
A 37.
The
Schnellweg (en: expressway)
system, a number of
Bundesstraße roads, forms a structure loosely resembling a large
ring road together with A2 and A7. The roads are
B 3 ,
B 6 and
B 65, called
Westschnellweg (B6 on the northern part, B3 on the southern part),
Messeschnellweg (B3, becomes A37 near
Burgdorf, crosses A2, becomes B3 again, changes to B6 at
Seelhorster Kreuz
, then passes the
Hanover fairground as B6 and becomes A37 again before merging into A7) and
Südschnellweg (starts out as B65, becomes B3/B6/B65 upon crossing
Westschnellweg
, then becomes B65 again at
Seelhorster Kreuz
).
Bus and light rail
Hanover has an extensive
Stadtbahn system, traditionally operated by
üstra. The city is famous for its
designer buses and tramways, the
TW 6000 and
TW 2000 trams being the most well-known examples.
Economy
thumb headquarters in Hanover
{{#ifexist:Category:Articles needing additional references from May 2009
The
Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles Transporter factory at
Hannover-Stöcken is the biggest employer in the region. German tire and automobile parts manufacturer
Continental AG has its headquarters in Hanover.
TUI AG is headquartered in Hanover.
[7]
Education
The
Leibniz University Hannover is the largest funded institution in Hanover for providing higher education to the students from around the world. Below are the names of the universities and some of the important schools including newly opened
Hannover Medical Research School in 2003 for attracting the students from biology background from around the world.
There are several universities in Hanover:
- Leibniz University Hannover
- Hanover State University of Music and Drama
- Hanover Medical School
- School of Veterinary Medicine Hanover (Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover
)
There is one University of Applied Science and Arts in Hanover:
The
Schulbiologiezentrum Hannover
maintains practical biology schools in four locations (
Botanischer Schulgarten Burg, Freiluftschule Burg, Zooschule Hannover, and Botanischer Schulgarten Linden). The
University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover also maintains its own
botanical garden specializing in medicinal and poisonous plants, the
Heil- und Giftpflanzengarten der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover.
Towns named Hanover
- Hanover, Ontario, Canada
- Hanover, Northern Cape, South Africa
- Hanover, Brighton, UK
- New Hanover, Illinois, U.S.
- Hanover, Kansas, U.S.
- Hanover, Maine, U.S.
- Hanover, Maryland, U.S.
- Hanover, Massachusetts, U.S.
- Hanover, Minnesota, U.S.
- Hanover, New Hampshire, U.S.
- Hanover, New Mexico, U.S.
- Hanover, Pennsylvania, U.S.
- Hanover, Virginia, U.S.
Also,
Hanover County,
Virginia and
New Hanover County,
North Carolina,
U.S. are named after the city.
International relations
Twin towns — Sister cities
Hanover is
twinned with:
[8]
- - Bristol, United Kingdom [9]
- - Perpignan, France
- - Rouen, France
- - Blantyre, Malawi
|
- - Poznan, Poland [10]
- - Hiroshima, Japan [11]
- - Leipzig, Germany [12]
|
Notes
- Meriam Webster lists "Hannover" as the main entry, with "Hanover" being a variant.
- Encyclopædia Britannica uses "Hannover". It says "''English'' Hanover" but uses "Hannover" in the prose.
- Microsoft Encarta gives the primary spelling as "Hannover".
- http://www.hannover.de/english/ HANNOVER.DE - Official Website of the City and Region of Hannover
- History of Hanover 1866-1945, official web site of the city (German)
- Mayors for Peace
- "Contact TUI Group." TUI AG. Retrieved on 29 May 2009.
- Hanover - Twin Towns
- Bristol City - Town twinning
- Poznan Official Website - Twin Towns
- ??????·????
- Leipzig - International Relations
See also
- Expo 2000
- Hanover Fair (Hannover Messe)
- CeBIT (CeBIT Computer Messe)
- Oktoberfest Hannover
- Treaty of Hanover among Britain, France, and Prussia on May 19, 1727
- Metropolitan region Hannover-Braunschweig-Göttingen-Wolfsburg
References
- Meriam Webster lists "Hannover" as the main entry, with "Hanover" being a variant.
- Encyclopædia Britannica uses "Hannover". It says "''English'' Hanover" but uses "Hannover" in the prose.
- Microsoft Encarta gives the primary spelling as "Hannover".
- http://www.hannover.de/english/ HANNOVER.DE - Official Website of the City and Region of Hannover
- History of Hanover 1866-1945, official web site of the city (German)
- Mayors for Peace
- "Contact TUI Group." TUI AG. Retrieved on 29 May 2009.
- Hanover - Twin Towns
- Bristol City - Town twinning
- Poznan Official Website - Twin Towns
- ??????·????
- Leipzig - International Relations